مجله تحقیقات دام و طیور
سال پنجم شماره 2 (1395)

This experiment was conducted to investigate the of chemical composition, fermentation characteristics and gas production of tomato pomace ensiled with sugar beet pulp and dried citrus pulp, in a Completely Randomized Design. Treatments were: 1) tomato pomace silage (control), 2) control 5% sugar beet pulp, 3) control 10 % sugar beet pulp, 4) control 5 % dried citrus pulp and 5) control 10 % dried citrus pulp. The ensiling process was performed in two layer plastic bags. The silos were opened after 3, 7, 21, and 45 of days. The results indicated that there were significant differences between treatments on dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and Ash (P

This study introduces a method based on machine vision technology for weight estimation, shape index determination, and egg contamination detection. Primarily, different characteristics relevant to egg quality such as weight, length, wide, shape index and contamination statue of 76 eggs were recorded by experienced appraisers. At the same time, using a digital camera several photos were taken from each egg regarding fixed imaging distance and unique illumination. Then, the features relevant to egg weight, egg size and egg shell contamination were extracted from digital images using image processing tools (IPT) of MATLAB software. Four artificial neural networks were designed for egg contamination classification, egg weight, and egg length and egg wide estimation respectively using MATLAB software. The first neural network was trained to detect egg contamination without error, and in the test phase, the eggs contamination was recognized with accuracy of 95% by neural network. Next neural networks were trained to estimate the egg weight, egg length and egg wide with accuracy of 98.55, 99.4 and 98.49 % respectively. In the test phase, the correlations between egg weight, egg length and egg wide with those which estimated by artificial neural networks were equal to 96.6 , 97.31 and 98% respectively (P

This experiment was conducted to compare between in vitro enzymatic procedure and the use of nitrogen fractions for estimate rumen degradable protein and post-ruminal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein of raw, roasted and extruded soybean seed. Relative to the control, roasting and extruding decreased A and B1 fractions of nitrogen and soluble nitrogen of soybean seed but resulted in an increase of B2, B3 and C (except for extruding method) fractions. The lowest rumen degradable and post-ruminal digestible protein was observed in roasted soybean seed. Results showed that heat processing led to change in protein fractions and decreased ruminal protein degradability of soybean seed. In addition, our findings showed there was a high correlation between enzymatic-laboratory procedure and proposed method with cornel net carbohydrate and protein system for predict amount of rumen degradable (r2=0.93) and post-ruminal digestible (r2=0.96) protein. It appears that extruding processing with a decrease in C fraction of nitrogen and increase in post ruminal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein of soybean is the better method for enhancing escaping protein of soybean seed. In addition, the use of nitrogen fractions could be appropriate methods for enzymatic procedure to determine rumen degradable and post ruminal digestible protein of soybean seed.

In order to examine the effects of dietary inclusion of raw or processed acorn on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of egg production and blood metabolites in laying hens, a total of 336 mature Hy-line W36 layers at the 34 week of age were randomly allocated to seven dietary treatments with four replications throughout eight weeks experimental period. Dietary treatments were included control, , 10 and 15 % of raw acorn and 5, 10 and 15 % of sodium hydroxide-treated acorn. Processing of acorn by sodium hydroxide (5%) for 24h resulted in an increase in crude protein content from 4.19 to 7.15 % and reduction of tannin percentage from 8.87 to 0.78. In addition, methionine, cystine and lysine were improved from 0.063, 0.025 and 0.122 % to 0.076, 0.067 and 0.285, respectively after processing by sodium hydroxide. Albumin percentage was significantly affected by dietary treatments, in which control and 15% raw acorn groups had highest and lowest percentage of albumin percentage, respectively. Yolk percentage of hens that were fed diets either containing raw acorn or processed acorn were higher than control treatment. There were no significant differences among treatments in production performance traits (feed intake, body weight, egg production, feed conversion ratio and egg mass). Egg shell thickness was differed significantly among treatments, in which the thinnest egg shell (394.08 μm) was observed in the control treatment and thickest one (386.16 μm) was observed in the birds fed diet containing 15 % of raw acorn. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 10 % of processed acorn can be alternative feed ingredient instead of corn based on abundance and low cost of acorn.

The purpose of this study was to compare different animal models to estimate genetic parameters of milk yield trait in dairy cows of Isfahan province. Variance components and genetic parameters included heritability and repeatability were estimated by using records of 21346 dairy cows from 2 herds collected during 20 years. Data analyses were undertaken using three different animal models. In the first model each lactation records separately were analyzed by univariate animal model. In the second and third models, the records of the first three lactations were analyzed using repeatability and a multivariate animal model. The numbers of records were 21346, 20828 and 12579 for the first 3 lactation, respectively. Heritability estimates of milk yield from univariate and multivariate analyses for lactation 1, 2 and 3 were 0.27, 0.20, 0.19 and 0.30, 0.23 and 0.22, respectively. The heritability and repeatability estimates of milk yield from repeatability model analysis were 0.24 and 0.49, respectively. Additive genetic and environmental correlations between first and second, first and third, and second and third lactations were 0.91, 0.86, 0.97 and 0.36, 0.31, 0.41, respectively. The corresponding estimates for phenotypic correlations were 0.50, 0.45 and 0.53, respectively. All estimates for additive genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlations were positive. Estimated additive genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlations showed that estimates between consecutive lactations (first and second, second and third) were larger than the estimates between nonconsecutive lactations (first and third). The results of this study showed that the multivariate model analysis is more suitable for estimating the genetic parameters of milk yield trait regardless high computational costs and has greater accuracy because of considering the effects of culling bias.

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different levels of sumac powder (Rhus coriaria L. ) and probiotics protexin on performance, carcass traits and the small intestines, large and cecum quail from age 7 to 42 days of 120 Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) in a 4 × 2 factorial experiment with two levels of probiotics (0 and .012 %) and four levels of sumac (0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 percent) in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, three replicates per treatment and five quails (both sexes) in each replicate. Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly. At the end of experiment from each replicate, 4 quails (2 male and 2 female) were randomly selected and slaughtered. Protexin probiotic intake (0.120 %) at different ages (7 to 42 days) quails were not significantly different, in case different levels of sumac from age 14 to 42 days were significant difference among treatments. So, that at 14 days and 42 days of ages control treatment was superior to the other treatments (P